_August H. WIECHERT _
| (1876 - ....)
_Arthur August WIECHERT _|
| (1912 - 1994) m 1939 |
| |_Ella Clara LOOS ____
| (1885 - ....)
|
|--Living
|
| _Louis Clark BROWN __+
| | (1893 - 1989) m 1916
|_Bonnie Jeanette BROWN __|
(1917 - 1977) m 1939 |
|_Bashie Beth TULLY __+
(1886 - 1968) m 1916
[37693] living - details excluded
[40072]
[S3593]
1910 Census, Dundee Pct, Douglas Co., NE
[40073]
[S3593]
1910 Census, Dundee Pct, Douglas Co., NE
[80073]
[S10192]
1900 Census, East Earl Twp, Lancaster Co., PA
[80074]
[S10192]
1900 Census, East Earl Twp, Lancaster Co., PA
[106515]
[S10192]
1900 Census, East Earl Twp, Lancaster Co., PA
____________________________________
|
_Oliver Orestes "Ollie" GRAHAM _____|
| (1879 - 1957) m 1905 |
| |____________________________________
|
|
|--Sarah Evelyn "Sallie" GRAHAM
| (1907 - ....)
| _John Franklin LOWRY _______________
| | (1854 - 1933) m 1878
|_Elizabeth Virginia "Virgie" LOWRY _|
(1885 - 1971) m 1905 |
|_Susan Rosannah Elizabeth CAMPBELL _+
(1857 - 1927) m 1878
[108226]
[S15643]
Ohio Marriages, 1800 to 1958
_Harry Francis MCCONNELL _+
| (1816 - ....) m 1840
_William MCCONNELL _______________|
| (1843 - ....) m 1872 |
| |_Jane ARMSTRONG __________
| (1820 - ....) m 1840
|
|--Eunice G. MCCONNELL
| (1886 - ....)
| __________________________
| |
|_Mary "May" J. (Whitman) GOSSNER _|
(1845 - ....) m 1872 |
|__________________________
[65674]
[S7979]
1900 Census, Pleasant View Twp, Macon Co., IL
[65675]
[S7979]
1900 Census, Pleasant View Twp, Macon Co., IL
_Alexander MCCONNELL _+
| (1718 - 1793) m 1736
_John MCCONNELL _____|
| (1740 - 1777) m 1761|
| |_Prudence ALEXANDER __
| (1720 - 1781) m 1736
|
|--Margaret MCCONNELL
| (1765 - ....)
| _Thomas DOUGHERTY ____
| | (.... - 1761)
|_Mary DOUGHERTY _____|
(1741 - 1777) m 1761|
|_Unknown _____________
[98261]
[S14881]
Register of Marriages & Baptisms Performed by Rev John Cuthbertson Covenanter Minister
[98262]
[S14881]
Register of Marriages & Baptisms Performed by Rev John Cuthbertson Covenanter Minister
[98263]
[S15065]
Cumberland Co., PA Orphans Docket, Image 249.
[36184]
From "The English Ancestry And Homes Of The Pilgrim Fathers" by
Charles Edward Banks, member of the the Massachusetts Historical
Society.
Thomas Rogers was a member of "Ye Saincts," the religious half
of the Pilgrims who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower. To
understand the Pilgrims it is necessary, as Bradford said, "to
begine at ye very roote & rise of the same."
The church beginnings were in Scrooby England. The Pilgrims
were part of a larger Puritan religious movement that started in
the 1500s when Henry VIII (1509-47) broke with the Church of Rome.
He persuaded Parliament to make him "Supreme Lord of the Church of
England." He then raided the monasteries and appropriated their
wealth. Unwittingly, Henry encouraged progress in religion by
publishing the Bible in English and by inviting Erasmus from
Holland to Cambridge University, where Erasmus promoted study of
the New Testament. Englishmen began to read the bible themselves
and arrive at their own conclusions. This led to independant
thinking in both religion and politics-- the main cause of the
Protestant Reformation and the English Revolution.
From the time of Henry VIII, church positions were passed out
by the crown and the bishops with little or no regard for
intellectual or spiritual qualifications. Church and state were
one and the clergy were often well connected gamblers, womanizers,
drunkards, etc. Many people resisted the Established Church by
forming separatist churches. This was perceived (correctly as it
later turned out) to be a threat to the monarchy so separatists
were often hunted down and locked up or hanged.
William Brewster, the son of a postmaster in Scrooby, England,
studied at Cambridge and became a radical reformist. In 1606 he
helped start a separatist church in Scrooby which included many of
the future leaders of the Pilgrims including John Carver and
William Bradford. Starting a separatist church at that time was
considered treason and many of Brewster's former classmates were
hanged for their separatist beliefs. John Penry, a classmate who
published some satirical writings, was arrested in Wales and
hanged, drawn and quartered. It was an extremely dangerous time to
be a radical, yet William Brewster and his fellow church members
went ahead anyway on the strength of their convictions.
In 1607 the authorities decided to get rid of the radical
separatist churches around Cambridge and the Pilgrims were jailed
and heavily fined. To avoid worse penalties they decided to
secretly escape to Holland as a group. Their first attempt failed
when they paid a large sum of money to the captain of a ship to
carry them to Holland. The captain gladly took their money and
immediately turned them in to the authorities. In their next
attempt they planned for the men to board a Dutch ship in one
location and then for the ship to pick up the women and children in
another. The men boarded but someone had alerted the authorities
about the women. When the captain went to pick up the women, he
saw a mob of bystanders and authorities waiting for him so he
immediately set sail for Holland leaving the women and children
behind. The authorities did not want a large number of women and
children in their jails so they sent them home. But most had
already sold their homes. The women and children eventually
reunited with their husbands in Amsterdam. Many eventually gave up
and went back to their old churches due to various kinds of
hardships.
In Amsterdam the Pilgrims joined a group of people called the
Ancient Brethren. This was a separatist group like the Pilgrims
that had fled England earlier. This group had tremendous
leadership problems. There was constant fighting and some of the
leaders were weak people with sexual and other kinds of personality
problems. The Pilgrims soon separated from this group and moved to
Leyden, taking many disenchanted Ancient Brethren with them. There
was much animosity and resentment between the two groups. 250
members of the Ancient Brethren left for the New World two years
before the Pilgrims left on the Mayflower. This voyage was a
disaster. Their water ran short, "ye fluxe" broke out and the
captains and those with knowledge of navigation died. When the
ship finally arrived at Jamestown only 50 of the 250 were still
alive and they soon scattered.
In Leyden and in Amsterdam, most of the Pilgrims lived in
miserable poverty since few had skills they could use in Holland.
In Leyden they lived three blocks from the leading Protestant
university in Europe. John Robinson, their minister, lectured at
the University and William Brewster eventually earned an adequate
living by teaching Latin to "great mens sonnes." They gradually
built a large congregation of English exiles and had a meeting
house known as the Groenepoort or Green Gate.
The group's twelve years of exposure to the broad religious
views, popular education, and the political democracy of the Dutch
made them more tolerant of the beliefs of others than they had been
originally. The Pilgrims were often intolerant by modern
standards-- but they were usually much more lenient and tolerant
than other groups of the same age.
Thomas Rogers joined the Pilgrim's congregation in Leyden. He
was an English merchant who sold camlet-- a cloth made of a mixture
of wool and silk. Prior to moving to Holland he lived in London in the
parish of St. Bartholomew the Great, where he was a taxpayer. Since he
owned a successful business, he was one of the most prosperous Pilgrims.
He became a citizen of Leyden in 1618, probably for business reasons
since citizenship was often required to do business with many of the
guilds in Holland. He married about 1606 and his wife, Elsgen, was
probably from Holland so that descendants are partially of Dutch ancestry.
While in Leyden, Brewster and some others put together a
printing press and secretly published 15 to 18 religious and
radical books. Among them was a book called "Perth Assembly" which
was a sharp attack on James I and his bishops for their tyrannical
attempts to impose episcopacy upon the stubborn Scots, who had
succeeded in establishing their own independent kirk in 1560."
[From Saints & Strangers] The book was smuggled into Scotland in
wine casks and was widely distributed. King James I was furious
and sent agents to find and capture the printers. Brewster
disappeared and was never caught. He would very likely have been
hanged if he had been. An associate of his who had financed the
printing press, a Mr. Thomas Brewer, was caught and tortured and
imprisoned for many years. Brewster kept out of sight until he was
on board the Mayflower headed for the New World.
The Pilgrims had long discussed the idea of moving from
Holland. They were suffering the effects of poverty and were
feeling old age catching up with them because the "great & con-
tinuall labours, with other crosses and sorrows, hastened it before
ye time." Their children had to work and they were "so oppressed
by their heavie labours that, though their minds were free and
willing, yet their bodies bowed under ye weight of ye same and
became decreped in their early youth, the vigour of nature being
consumed in ye very bud, as it were." Many Pilgrims returned to
England and others in England were reluctant to move Holland
because of this poverty. The growth of their faith depended on
better economic conditions.
The majority decided "not out of newfanglednes or other such
giddie humour," that it was time to be moving on. Some favored
establishing a colony in the New World. Many violently objected,
however, citing their want of funds for so ambitious a venture, the
hardships of a long voyage, the danger of perishing of starvation
and disease, not to speak of the savagery of the Indians, a
"cruell, barbarous, & most trecherous" people, whose practices were
such that a mere recitation of them caused "ye bowels of men to
grate within them."
The dangers were great, it was admitted, "but not desperate;
the difficulties were many, but not invincible." Such a step
should not be taken "rashly or lightly, as many have done, for
curiosite or hope of gaine, &c." But their undertaking was not an
ordinary one. "Their ends were good & honourable; their calling,
lawfull & urgente; and therefore they might expecte ye blessing of
God in their proceeding. Yea, though they should lose their lives
in this action, yet might they have comforte in the same... All
great & honourable actions are accompanied with great difficulties,
and must be both enterprised and overcome with answerable
courages." [Quotes come from Of Plimoth Plantation, paragraph from
Saints & Strangers]
After extensive negotiations, a group called the London
Merchant Adventurers offered funds at high interest and stiff terms
that required the settlers to work on a communal basis for seven
years until they had paid their debt. They protested against the
harsh contract, but could not secure more humane treatment.
The first expedition was under the charge of William Brewster
and certain chosen people accompanied him. Among those chosen were
was Thomas Rogers, who brought along his son Joseph Rogers. On April
1, he sold his house on Barbara Lane in Leyden to help finance the
trip on the Mayflower.
The Pilgrims bought the Speedwell and the first group set sail
on July 22, 1620 from Delfshaven, the seaport near Leyden. The
separation was highly emotional because they realized that many of
the people leaving or being left behind would never see each other
again. Thomas Rogers left his wife Elsgen, two daughters and a son
and never saw them again. The children were reunited in Plymouth
Colony, John Rogers, later made the trip and joined his brother
Joseph Rogers at the Plymouth Colony by 1630. According to William
Bradford the two daughters also moved to Plymouth and had large
families but no record of them has been found. Nothing more is
known about Thomas Rogers' wife Elsgen except that she lived in a
house with other Pilgrims in Leyden Holland in 1622.
"So they left that goodly & pleasante citie, which had been
their resting place near 12 years; but they knew they were pil-
grimes, & looked not much on these things, but lift{ed} up their
eyes to ye heavens, their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their
spirits." --Of Plimoth Plantation by William Bradford
The small vessel called the Speedwell was to join the May-
flower in Southampton. The Pilgrims, were unfortunately poor
sailors and they purchased oversized sails for it. This caused the
ship to have constant problems with many resulting delays. The
Speedwell was eventually judged unseaworthy and it was abandoned.
Later owners used the Speedwell in many voyages with few apparent
problems. In any case, the Mayflower was forced to turn back twice
when the Speedwell started to leak and precious time was used up
trying to repair it before it was finally abandoned. These delays
meant that the Mayflower finally arrived at the beginning of
winter-- a very difficult time to start work on building a new
colony.
Robert Cushman, one of the Pilgrim leaders, was extremely
skeptical of the enterprise as the incompetence of the Pilgrims
became obvious to him. He was quoted as saying "if this Plantation
is a success, God grants a miracle." He also said, "Poore William
Ring & myselfe doe strive who shall be meate first for ye fishes;
but we looke for a glorious resurrection..." After the Mayflower
made two aborted attempts at sailing for the New World, Ring and
Cushman decided not to become "meate for ye fishes" and they were
among those who volunteered to stay in England when the passengers
of the Speedwell had to be moved to the Mayflower. Bradford was
happy to see them go since they were apparently among the weaker
and "least useful" members of the Company.
When the Mayflower arrived on November 20, 1620, "they were
without a clear-cut patent for a New England settlement and did not
know where they were although they hoped they were north of the
boundaries of Virginia, so they would be free from the dominance of
James I. They were exhausted, undernourished, and near panic.
There was unrest among some of the passengers and "mutinous
speeches" were heard, so they drew an agreement, the Mayflower
Compact, before they landed. It was signed by forty-one male
settlers and indentured workers as the political basis for their
settlement." Among the signers was Thomas Rogers. It is
considered one of the great documents of American history since it
is the first agreement to self govern in the New World.
They then elected deacon John Carver as their governor for a
one-year term. He died in the spring, and William Bradford was
elected in his place.
After a month of exploration by Myles Standish, Stephen
Hopkins, and others, the site now known as Plymouth was selected.
They called it New Plymouth, named after the port they last saw in
England. The landing was much less dramatic than is usually
depicted in paintings since they had already been exploring the
area for a month when they finally unloaded their belongings with
numerous small trips in a shallop from the larger boat. It is
highly unlikely they landed on Plymouth Rock since that was an
inconvenient location and no particular mention of it was made by
anyone living at the time.
They began building in December and they suffered a general
sickness during the winter that killed 51-- half of their total
number. It was most likely a result of a deadly combination of
scurvy, pneumonia, and tuberculosis which was brought on by months
of bad diet, cramped and unsanitary quarters, exposure and
overexertion in all kinds of weather. Thomas Rogers was among
those who died. His son, Joseph Rogers, according to tradition
among Thomas Rogers' descendents, was adopted and raised by William
Bradford. While Thomas Rogers died, his children all emigrated to
Plymouth and continued the mission that Thomas Rogers came to
America to accomplish.
[36182]
[S3244]
Cape Cod Series Vol. I, History and Genealogy of the Mayflower Planters and
[36183]
[S3204]
Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, Vol. 2, pp. 155-167.